Papers, 1901-1980.

Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969

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Dwight David Eisenhower (1890-1969) was leader of the Allied forces in Europe in World War II, commander of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), and the thirty-fourth president of the United States, from January 20, 1953, to January 20, 1961. Eisenhower was born on October 14, 1890, in Denison, Texas, the third son of David Jacob Eisenhower, a railroad worker, and Ida Elizabeth Stover. In 1891, the family moved to Abilene, Kansas, where David accepted a job at a local creamery run by ...

Gruening, Ernest, 1887-1974

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Ernest Henry Gruening (February 6, 1887 – June 26, 1974) was an American journalist and politician. A member of the Democratic Party, Gruening was the Governor of the Alaska Territory from 1939 until 1953 and a United States Senator from Alaska from 1959 until 1969. Born in New York City, Gruening attended The Hotchkiss School, and he graduated from Harvard University in 1907 and from Harvard Medical School in 1912. After completing his studies, he forsook medicine, instead pursuing a career ...

Stevenson, Adlai E. (Adlai Ewing), 1900-1965

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w697088x (person)

Adlai Ewing Stevenson II (February 5, 1900 – July 14, 1965) was an American lawyer, politician, and diplomat. Raised in Bloomington, Illinois, Stevenson was a member of the Democratic Party. He served in numerous positions in the federal government during the 1930s and 1940s, including the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, Federal Alcohol Administration, Department of the Navy, and the State Department. In 1945, he served on the committee that created the United Nations, and he was a me...

Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972

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Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the 33rd president of the United States, serving from 1945 to 1953, succeeding upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt after serving as the 34th vice president in early 1945. He implemented the Marshall Plan to rebuild the economy of Western Europe and established the Truman Doctrine and NATO to contain communist expansion. He proposed numerous liberal domestic reforms, but few were enacted by the Conservative Coalition that dominated Congres...

Mencken, H.L. (Henry Louis), 1880-1956

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Henry Louis "H. L." Mencken (September 12, 1880 - January 29, 1956), was an American journalist, essayist, magazine editor, satirist, acerbic critic of American life and culture, and a student of American English. Mencken, known as the "Sage of Baltimore", is regarded as one of the most influential American writers and prose stylists of the first half of the 20th century. Mencken worked as a reporter and drama critic for the Baltimore Morning Herald from 1899 to 1906. From 190...

Forrestal, James, 1892-1949

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James Vincent Forrestal (February 15, 1892 – May 22, 1949) was the last Cabinet-level United States Secretary of the Navy and the first United States Secretary of Defense. Forrestal came from a very strict middle class Irish Catholic family. He was a successful financier on Wall Street before becoming Undersecretary of the Navy in 1940, shortly before the United States entered the Second World War. He became Secretary of the Navy in May 1944 upon the death of his superior, Frank Knox. Preside...

Leahy, William D. (William Daniel), 1875-1959

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Fleet Admiral William Daniel Leahy (May 6, 1875 – July 20, 1959) was an American naval officer who served as the senior-most United States military officer on active duty during World War II. He held multiple titles and was at the center of all major military decisions the United States made in World War II. As Chief of Naval Operations from 1937 to 1939, he was the senior officer in the United States Navy, overseeing the preparations for war. After retiring from the Navy, he was appointed in...

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962

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Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was the longest-serving First Lady throughout her husband President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s four terms in office (1933-1945). She was an American politician, diplomat, and activist who later served as a United Nations spokeswoman. A shy, awkward child, starved for recognition and love, Eleanor Roosevelt grew into a woman with great sensitivity to the underprivileged of all creeds, races, and nations. Her constant work to improve their lot made her one of the most loved–...

Willkie, Wendell L. (Wendell Lewis), 1892-1944

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Wendell Lewis Willkie (born Lewis Wendell Willkie; February 18, 1892 – October 8, 1944) was an American lawyer, corporate executive and the 1940 Republican nominee for President. Willkie appealed to many convention delegates as the Republican field's only interventionist: although the U.S. remained neutral prior to Pearl Harbor, he favored greater U.S. involvement in World War II to support Britain and other Allies. His Democratic opponent, incumbent President Franklin D. Roosevelt, won the 1940...

Rockefeller, Nelson A. (Nelson Aldrich), 1908-1979

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Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (July 8, 1908 – January 26, 1979) was an American businessman and politician who served as the 41st vice president of the United States from 1974 to 1977, and previously as the 49th governor of New York from 1959 to 1973. He also served as assistant secretary of State for American Republic Affairs for Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman (1944–1945) as well as under secretary of Health, Education and Welfare under Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1954....

Vinson, Fred M. (Frederick Moore), 1890-1953

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Frederick Moore Vinson (January 22, 1890 – September 8, 1953) was an American Democratic politician who served the United States in all three branches of government. The most prominent member of the Vinson political family, he was the 53rd United States Secretary of the Treasury and the 13th Chief Justice of the United States. Born in Louisa, Kentucky, he pursued a legal career and served in the United States Army during World War I. After the war, he served as the Commonwealth's Attorney ...

DeMille, Cecil B. (Cecil Blount), 1881-1959

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Cecil B. DeMille (1881-1959) was an American motion picture producer and director, considered the archetype of the American film mogul. His 70 films reflect changing American tastes and values, and he was particularly noted for his multimillion-dollar spectacles. DeMille was born on August 12, 1881 to Henry Churchill de Mille and Matilda Beatrice Samuel de Mille. DeMille started acting on Broadway in 1900 and by 1913 he joined a film studio partnership which would eventually become Paramount Pi...

Price, Byron, 1891-1981

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Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959

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George Catlett Marshall (b. December 31, 1880, Uniontown, Pennsylvania-d. October 16, 1959, Washington, D.C.), had a long and auspicious career in the United States (U.S.) Army and to the United States. He graduated from the Virginia Military Institute in 1901 and served his country as U.S. Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, Envoy to China, Army Chief of Staff, and as President of the American Red Cross. Marshall, America's first five-star general, was born in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, ...

Lie, Trygve, 1896-1968

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Associated press

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Stettinius, Edward R., Jr. (Edward Reilly), 1900-1949

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Industrialist and statesman. From the description of Clippings relating to Edward R. Stettinius, 1945. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 71068013 Industrialist, Secretary of State, delegate to the United Nations. From the description of Letter [manuscript] : to Darryl F. Zanuck, Beverly Hills, California, 1944 November 11 [manuscript]. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 647836060 From the description of Financial records of Edward R. Stettinius [...

Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6387zpq (person)

John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born on May 29, 1917, to Joseph P. Kennedy and Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy of Brookline, Massachusetts. John Kennedy, the second of nine children, attended Choate Academy (1932-1935), Princeton University (1935-36), Harvard College (1936-40), and Stanford Business School (1941). In 1940, he published a book based on his senior thesis entitled "Why England Slept." The book criticized British policy of Appeasement. In 1941, Kennedy enlisted in the Navy. In August 1943, Kenn...

Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 1902-1985

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6tz44fx (person)

U.S. representative to the United Nations. From the description of Correspondence 1957. (Denver Public Library). WorldCat record id: 50307057 United States Senator and ambassador. From the description of Henry Cabot Lodge letter to Harriet L. White [manuscript], 1960 August 8. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 466876849 Henry Cabot Lodge (1902-1985) was a journalist, U.S. Senator, and diplomat, and the grandson of statesman Henry Cabot Lodge,...

United States. Office of War Censorship

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Harding, Warren Gamaliel, 1865-1923

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Warren Gamaliel Harding (b. November 2, 1865, Blooming Grove, Ohio-d. August 2, 1923, San Francisco, California) was an American politician who served as the 29th President of the United States from March 4, 1921 until his death in 1923....

United Nations

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In 1945, four individuals who had worked on the Manhattan project-John L. Balderston, Jr., Dieter M. Gruen, W.J. McLean, and David B. Wehmeyer-formed a committee and wrote a letter to 154 public figures asking for their opinions about the possibility of the creation of a world government. Over the next year, as the various public figures responded to the letter, the responses were correlated into a report that was released in 1947. From the guide to the Balderston, John L., Jr. Colle...

Pearson, Drew, 1897-1969

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6kd23kv (person)

Journalist. From the description of Papers of Drew Pearson, 1947-1952. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 74986025 Andrew Russell "Drew" Pearson (1897-1969) was a journalist who traveled extensively as a foreign correspondent for several newspapers, including the Baltimore Sun. In 1931, Pearson and Robert S. Allen anonymously co-authored a book entitled Washington Merry-Go-Round, with gossip about the Washington, D.C. higher-ups, President Herbert Hoover, and Congress. In 1932, ...

Stimson, Henry L. (Henry Lewis), 1867-1950

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w65q4xdp (person)

Henry Lewis Stimson, the politician, was one of Eleanor Stimson Brooks's cousins. He took an interest in the family and had given her support throughout Van Wyck's struggles with depression (1926-1930). From the description of Correspondence to Charles Van Wyck Brooks, 1930-1945. (University of Pennsylvania Library). WorldCat record id: 191821881 Stimson served as U.S. Secretary of war (1911-1913, 1940-1945), was governor general of the Philippine Islands (1927-1929) and U.S...

Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6nk3cqp (person)

Lawyer and U.S. secretary of the interior. From the description of Harold L. Ickes papers, 1815-1969 (bulk 1933-1951). (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 70980130 Harold Ickes (1874-1952) was a United States administrator and politician. He served as Secretary of the Interior for 13 years, from 1933 to 1946, the longest tenure of anyone to hold the office, and afterwards he became a syndicated columnist writing on political topics. From the guide to the Harold Ickes ...

Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w61s7dgz (person)

Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born on January 30, 1882, in Hyde Park, New York. He was the son of James (lawyer, financier) and Sara (Delano) Roosevelt. He married Anna Eleanor Roosevelt on March 17, 1905, and had six children: Anna, James, Franklin, Elliott, Franklin Jr., John. He received his B.A. from Harvard in 1904 and later attended Columbia University Law School. Roosevelt was admitted to the Bar in 1907 and worked for the Carter, Ledyard, and Milburn firm in New York City from 1907 to 19...

Hoover, Herbert, 1874-1964

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Herbert Clark Hoover (b. August 10, 1874, Iowa-d. October 20, 1964), thirty-first president of the United States, was born in Iowa, and was orphaned as a child. A Quaker known from his childhood as "Bert" to his friends, he began a career as a mining engineer soon after graduating from Stanford University in 1895. Within twenty years he had used his engineering knowledge and business acumen to make a fortune as an independent mining consultant. In 1914 Hoover administered the American Relief Com...

Hammarskjöld, Dag, 1905-1961

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w62r42gn (person)

Dag Hammarskjöld served as Secretary-General of the United Nations from April 1953 until his death in a plane crash in Africa in September 1961. From the description of Hammarskjöld, Dag, 1905-1961 (U.S. National Archives and Records Administration). naId: 10580969 Dag Hammarskjöld was born on 29 July 1905, in Jönköping, Sweden, and died 18 Sept. 1961, near Ndola, in Northern Rhodesia. He was a Swedish economist and statesman who served as second secretary-general of the ...

Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6gh9hpx (person)

Business executive and U.S. postmaster general 1933-1940. From the description of Correspondence to Maxwell Struthers Burt, 1949. (University of Pennsylvania Library). WorldCat record id: 122446088 James A. Farley was a Democratic party leader and a U.S. Postmaster General. From the description of James A. Farley letter, 1971 Feb. 23. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 122411243 Politician. From the description of Reminiscences of James Aloysius ...

Hoover, J.Edgar (John Edgar), 1895-1972

http://n2t.net/ark:/99166/w6kk98z7 (person)

Director of the FBI. From the description of Typed letter signed : Washington, D.C., to Arthur William Brown, 1941 Sept. 12. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 269555861 John Edgar Hoover (1895-1972) served from 1924 to 1972 as the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). As its first director, Hoover molded the FBI into his image of a modern police force. He promoted scientific investigation of crime, the collection and analysis of fingerprints and the hiring and ...

Hull, Cordell, 1871-1955

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Cordell Hull was a Tennessee state representative (1893-1897), a judge of the fifth judicial circuit of Tennessee (1903-1906), U.S. Representative for Tennessee (1907-1921, 1923-1931), chairman of the Democratic National Executive Committee (1921-1924), U.S. Senator for Tennessee (1931-1933), Secretary of State in the Cabinet of President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1944), and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1945. From the description of Cordell Hull letter, 1941 Dec. 12. (Loui...